Where do horse flies live?

How many larvae can a horse tolerate?

Normally your horse can tolerate around 100 larvae or so without it affecting their health, but after that excessive infestation can cause weight loss and in extreme cases, death. *Wag! may collect a share of sales or other compensation from the links on this page.

How much space do you need for two horses?

A shelter of roughly 240 square foot is sufficient for two horses. They’ll also need warm water (45° to 65° F), extra hay, and to be monitored regularly. Keep a close eye on their body condition and hooves.

How to take care of two horses in winter?

A shelter of roughly 240 square foot is sufficient for two horses. They’ll also need warm water (45° to 65° F), extra hay, and to be monitored regularly. Keep a close eye on their body condition and hooves. Their winter fur is still growing in until roughly December 22nd.

How does equine reproduction work?

Equine reproduction follows the same rhythm as plants, with one season blending into another; each has its own role to play in influencing when a mare will be ready to ovulate, conceive, and carry a foal to term. As mammals go, the horse is not the most efficient from a reproduction standpoint.

Why is a horse kept in a stable?

If a horse is a top-level athlete, in high levels of work, it is normally kept in a stable. This enables the trainer to ensure the horse is eating the correct diet to build muscle and fitness, rather than becoming bloated on grass and hay. Check Out What Does It Mean When A Horse Nudges You With His Nose?

How long does it take for a horse to ovulate after progesterone?

Once removed from progesterone, most mares will return to estrus within 3 to 4 days and ovulate 9 to 10 days following progesterone withdrawal. For this practice to work, mares must have sufficient activity on their ovaries (several follicles of at least 20-25mm or larger).

What stage of maturation is a horse oocyte at ovulation?

The stage of maturation of the equine oocyte at the time of ovulation was unclear for many years. In one of the first accounts of early embryonic development in the horse, Hamilton and Day ( 1945) reported on six recently ovulated, unfertilized oocytes found in the oviducts of pony and horse mares at slaughter.

Do Equine oocytes from stimulated preovulatory follicles differ from stimulated oviducts?

The difference in pregnancy rate after transfer to the oviduct demonstrates the lower developmental competence of IVM equine oocytes in comparison to those from the stimulated preovulatory follicle (in vivo-matured).

How long does it take for progesterone to increase in horses?

This rise in progesterone can be detected in the blood within 24 hours after ovulation. Once progesterone reaches a sufficient level (about 48 hours) the mare will cease to show behavior estrus (“go out of heat”). Progesterone continues to rise as the CL becomes more mature and is fully functional within five days.

How long does it take for a horse to ovulate after deslorelin?

Ovulation is seen in 85% of mares within 48 hours, typically 36–42 hours after hCG or injectable deslorelin treatment or 40–44 hours after treatment with a deslorelin implant. Repeated use of hCG over a long period is associated with antibody formation and may decrease response to treatment; this has not been seen with deslorelin.

What are the characteristics of equine oocytes?

A notable feature of equine oocytes is that those with expanded cumuli (Ex oocytes), which originate from atretic follicles, have higher meiotic competence (ability to mature to metaphase II in vitro) than do oocytes with compact cumuli (Cp oocytes). Cp oocytes originate in viable follicles but are largely juvenile.

Do horses ovulate primary oocytes like dogs?

These authors failed to find a polar body in the oocytes and suggested that the horse, like the dog, may ovulate primary oocytes. This suggestion was perpetuated until it became stated as a fact in textbooks (Hafez, 1974; Roberts, 1975 ).

How to aspirate oocytes from mature and immature preovulatory follicles in the mare?

Aspiration of oocytes from mature and immature preovulatory follicles in the mare Two experiments were conducted to investigate methods for aspirating oocytes from immature preovulatory follicles in the mare. In Experiment 1, the ovary was manipulated per rectum and the follicle was punctured by a needle introduced through the flank.

What determines the rate of maturation of equine oocytes?

An early perplexing finding regarding maturation of equine oocytes was that those having expanded cumuli at the time of recovery from the follicle (Ex oocytes) had higher rates of maturation than did oocytes having compact cumuli at the time of recovery (Cp oocytes).

How many oocytes does a horse ovulate?

Research on horse oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development has been hampered by the difficulty in obtaining meaningful numbers of horse oocytes. The mare ovulates only one or, rarely, two follicles per 21-day cycle, and cannot be superovulated to any meaningful extent (McCue et al., 2007).

Why are horse oocytes difficult to obtain in large numbers?

In summary, horse oocytes are difficult to obtain in large numbers. Their meiotic and developmental competence appears to be more dependent upon oocyte, follicle, and processing factors than those of other species.

What is the meiotic competence of horse oocytes?

It is commonly stated that horse oocytes have a low rate of maturation in vitro, however, the meiotic competence of horse oocytes is dependent upon many follicular and technical factors, the most important of which are presented below.

How does a horse get pregnant from an egg?

The follicle becomes a corpus luteum and produces the hormone progesterone, which prepares the uterus for implantation of the egg. If the mare breeds and the egg is fertilized, the egg passes into the uterus and begins a pregnancy.

How long does deslorelin acetate take to work in horses?

The sustained-release GnRH analogue deslorelin acetate (1.8 mg, IM) will cause ovulation within 48 hours of administration to an estrous mare with a developing 30–40 mm follicle.

How much deslorelin do you give a woman to ovulate?

This FDA-approved preparation of deslorelin eliminates the need to use human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) off-label, which has been administered at a dose of 2,500–5,000 IU, IV, or IM to cause ovulation in 36–48 hours when a preovulatory follicle ≥35 mm was present.

Can horse oocytes be used for in vitro fertilization?

It is only within the last few years that evaluation of the developmental potential of horse oocytes has been feasible. Conventional in vitro fertilization has not been repeatably successful, although recent findings on the induction of hyperactivated motility to achieve fertilization may provide a mechanism for this in the future.

How long does it take for oocytes to mature in horses?

Some information is available on molecular aspects of equine oocyte maturation. The period of protein synthesis required before the onset of maturation appears to be 8 hr in Ex oocytes and 12 hr in Cp oocytes (Alm and Hinrichs, 1996).

What is equine oocytes and embryos development?

Developmental competence of equine oocytes and embryos obtained by in vitro procedures ranging from in vitro maturation and ICSI to embryo culture, cryopreservation and somatic cell nuclear transfer . Anim Reprod Sci 98 : 39 – 55 .

How can I increase the oocyte recovery rate from mature follicles?

In the human, use of an apparatus consisting of teflon tubing attached to a steady vacuum has been reported to increase the oocyte recovery rate from mature follicles (6). In Experiment 2, follicular aspiration was performed while manipulating the ovary directly with the hand inserted into the peritoneal cavity via an incision in the vagina.

Where can I get an ultrasound of the preovulatory follicle in horses?

Ultrasonic evaluation of the preovulatory follicle in the mare 9. Present address: Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536.