- What is the relationship between temperature and at in reptiles?
- Why do reptiles have low resting metabolic rates?
- Why do ectotherms and endotherms differ in metabolic rates during activity?
- What happens to resting metabolic rate during starvation?
- Do reptiles have aerobic or anaerobic metabolism?
- How do reptiles differ from mammals in terms of metabolism?
- What are the different forms of resting metabolic rates?
- Do reptiles have nucleated RBCs?
- What are the adaptations of a reptile to survive?
- How does oxygen affect respiration in reptiles?
- What is the excretory system of reptiles?
- What is the difference between endotherms and mesotherms?
- What determines an ectotherm’s body temperature?
- How do ectotherms and endotherms respond to cold temperatures?
- What is resting metabolic rate and why does it matter?
- Why do endotherms require much more food than ectotherms?
- Do endotherms and ectotherms have the same thermogenesis pathway?
- How does body temperature affect metabolism in ectotherms?
- How do endotherms regulate their body temperature?
- What are the long-term effects of training on resting metabolic rate?
What is the relationship between temperature and at in reptiles?
In reptiles a given AT occurs (passively) at a particular ambient temperature. With a fall in Tthe temperature differ- ential decreases depending upon the rate of heat loss (= CAT) and the consequent fall in body temperature, because the rate of heat production conforms to a (310 relation.
Why do reptiles have low resting metabolic rates?
The low resting metabolic rates of reptiles limit their aerobic metabolic capacity – i.e., the maximum rates of oxygen consumption they can achieve during strenuous activity.
Why do ectotherms and endotherms differ in metabolic rates during activity?
Both reptiles and mammals increase resting rates of oxygen consumption about 10-fold when they run at maximum speed, so the differential in metabolic rates of ectotherms and endotherms persists during activity.
What happens to resting metabolic rate during starvation?
Metabolic Rate In starvation and semistarvation the resting metabolic rate falls between 10% and 30% as an adaptive response to energy restriction, slowing the rate of weight loss. By contrast, resting metabolic rate rises in the presence of physiologic stress in proportion to the degree of the insult.
Do reptiles have aerobic or anaerobic metabolism?
Most reptiles have limited aerobic metabolic capacity, and they derive most of the ATP used during high levels of activity from anaerobic pathways. Glycogen, the metabolic substrate for anaerobic metabolism, is stored in the muscle cells and a brief period of activity can exhaust the muscles’ glycogen supply.
How do reptiles differ from mammals in terms of metabolism?
Their RBCs are nucleated, and their metabolic rates are approximately 7–10 times lower than those of mammals. All reptiles exhibit ecdysis—a normal process by which the outer skin is periodically shed.
What are the different forms of resting metabolic rates?
Resting metabolic rates for adult laboratory animals are shown in Table X in three different forms: total RM for the weight given, specific RM, and standardized RM. RM data are often given in terms of oxygen consumption (Vo 2 ). This can be converted into its energy equivalent using the formula where V o 2 is liters oxygen consumed per minute.
Do reptiles have nucleated RBCs?
Their RBCs are nucleated, and their metabolic rates are approximately 7–10 times lower than those of mammals. All reptiles exhibit ecdysis—a normal process by which the outer skin is periodically shed. Diurnal species require broad-spectrum light containing UVB (290-300 nm) for vitamin D 3 synthesis and calcium homeostasis.
What are the adaptations of a reptile to survive?
Anaerobic metabolism – Reptiles can function to a large extent with anaerobic metabolism. They are able to survive with increased lactate due to their buffering system. Compensatory factors may conceal respiratory disease until it is advanced.
How does oxygen affect respiration in reptiles?
High oxygen environments (e.g. 100% oxygen during recovery from anaesthesia) suppress the spontaneous respiratory rate. Find out more about lizard and snake biochemistry. Anaerobic metabolism – Reptiles can function to a large extent with anaerobic metabolism.
What is the excretory system of reptiles?
They possess both renal and hepatic portal circulations, and predominantly excrete ammonia (especially aquatic species), urea (especially chelonians), or uric acid (especially snakes and lizards) depending on their evolutionary adaptations. Their RBCs are nucleated, and their metabolic rates are approximately 7–10 times lower than those of mammals.
What is the difference between endotherms and mesotherms?
Endotherms, unlike ectotherms, largely depend, if not entirely, on heat produced by internal metabolic processes, while mesotherms adopt an intermediate strategy. Fluctuating ambient temperatures may have an effect on body temperature in ectotherms.
What determines an ectotherm’s body temperature?
Ectotherms’ body temperature is primarily determined by external heat sources. That is, the temperature of an ectotherm’s body rises and falls in tandem with the temperature of the ambient world.
How do ectotherms and endotherms respond to cold temperatures?
As endotherms use metabolic reactions for the generation of heat, they have a higher metabolic rate than ectotherms. They consume more sugar and fats for survival under cold temperatures. The body of endotherms is covered with hair or fur to protect against cold temperature. Endotherms shiver in the cold to generate heat from the muscles.
What is resting metabolic rate and why does it matter?
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an important parameter in determining energy balance, which accounts for approximately 60% of total energy expended. Anthony C. Hackney PhD, DSc, in Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2016
Why do endotherms require much more food than ectotherms?
• To maintain the body temperatures in a constant value, endotherms require much more food than ectotherms of equivalent size. • Metabolic rates of endotherms are very high than ectotherms at a given body mass.
Do endotherms and ectotherms have the same thermogenesis pathway?
Resting metabolic rate of endotherms can also acclimate to changing thermal conditions thereby affecting thermogenesis. The evolutionary conservatism of each component of this scheme suggests that the regulatory pathways are the same in endotherms and ectotherms.
How does body temperature affect metabolism in ectotherms?
In ectotherms, the interaction between body temperature and metabolism is reversed. Thermal variation in the environment can determine body temperature and thereby affect metabolism thermodynamically.
How do endotherms regulate their body temperature?
Many vertebrates regulate their body temperature in response to thermal variability of the environment. Endotherms maintain relatively stable body temperatures by adjusting metabolic heat production in response to varying environmental heat loads.
What are the long-term effects of training on resting metabolic rate?
Long-term effects of training include increases in RMR due to increases in lean muscle mass. Extreme interventions, however, may induce reductions in RMR, in spite of the increased lean tissue mass, similar to the changes observed in animals in response to flight.
