What month do horse flies come out?

What is a hematophagous Horsefly?

Horseflies are a species of fly which belong to the Tabanidae family. They are hematophagous, meaning they feed on blood. Some species are particular to horses. Their sting is quite painful, so it causes stress problems to the affected horse. The most common are:

What diseases do horseflies carry?

Tabanid flies (Tabanus, Chrysops, and Hybomitra spp.), commonly known as horseflies and deerflies, serve as mechanical vectors of several livestock diseases, including Microsporum gypseum (see Chapter 50), equine infectious anemia (see Chapter 23), and Trypanosoma evansi (see Chapter 60; the causative agent of surra).

What are the Stomoxys in horses?

Stomoxys calcitrans: it is commonly called the stable fly and also has hematophagous habits. It is attracted to any warm-blooded animal (including humans), which is why it should be considered an important external parasite in the study of horse parasites.

What do Stomoxys feed on?

Stomoxys calcitrans is a daytime feeder. The adults of both sexes feed on blood. There is low host specificity; although they feed mainly on the blood of cattle and horses. Adults locate a host by sight, and feeding is usually completed in two to five minutes. After feeding the stable fly is sluggish, and remains motionless near the host.

What are the characteristics of Stomoxys calcitrans?

Unlike the common housefly, Stomoxys calcitrans have a broader abdomen. Adult stable flies average 8 mm in length, have a gray body, and can be identified by four characteristic longitudinal stripes across the thorax as well as several dark spots on top of the abdomen. On the vertex and frons there are three ocelli and two large compound eyes.

How many species of Stomoxys are there?

The genus Stomoxys contains 20 described and currently accepted species, the genus Haematobia accommodates 9 species, the genus Haematobosca is comprised of 17 species, and the last genus Haematostoma is represented by only one species, H. austeni ( Pape and Thompson, 2020 ).

How does Stomoxys calcitrans feed on cattle?

Stomoxys calcitrans locates its host by sight. On cattle it will first land and rest on the back of the animal. As soon as it is disturbed, it flies to the outside of the forelegs; where it will bite the cow near the knees and begin feeding.

What is squamous cell carcinoma in a horse?

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Horse starts as a depressed ulcerating sore that gradually enlarges until it becomes raised above the skin surface with a red, raw surface. It can be found on any part of the body, but it is usually on the face, penis, prepuce, vulva, or eyes.

Is Stomoxys calcitrans a synanthropic species?

Note the mouthparts projecting forward. Photograph by Lyle Buss, University of Florida. There are 18 known species in the genus Stomoxys. Of these 18 species Stomoxys calcitrans is the only species that is present worldwide and the only species that is synanthropic.

What do Stomoxys and Haematobia flies feed on?

Both females and males feed only on blood. Cattle and domestic buffalo are also the main hosts of Stomoxys and Haematobia flies. Parasitic diseases and transmitted organisms. Irritation is caused by large numbers of Musca house-flies, through to severe biting stress from dense populations of Stomoxys or Haematobia flies.

What are the adaptations of a Stomoxys?

Species within the genera Stomoxys stable-flies, and Haematobia horn-flies are highly adapted for blood feeding, having mouthparts consisting of a strong projecting labium with cutting elements at its point. This is used to pierce deeply into skin of host to access blood.

What is the economic impact of Stomoxys calcitrans?

Stomoxys calcitrans economically affects humans in two ways: livestock reduction and disease. The accumulation of stable fly bites leads to a certain degree of anemia, weight loss in cattle, reduced milk production in dairy cattle. In this way, S. calcitrans costs the US millions of dollars.

How long do Stomoxys calcitrans eggs take to develop?

Stomoxys calcitrans eggs take one to four days to develop. The length of this period is affected by temperature, humidity, and how long the egg was retained by the female.

How do you identify Stomoxys calcitrans?

Unlike the common housefly, Stomoxys calcitrans have a broader abdomen. Adult stable flies average 8 mm in length, have a gray body, and can be identified by four characteristic longitudinal stripes across the thorax as well as several dark spots on top of the abdomen.

What does Stomoxys calcitrans eat?

Stomoxys calcitrans is a daytime feeder. The adults of both sexes feed on blood. There is low host specificity; although they feed mainly on the blood of cattle and horses. Adults locate a host by sight, and feeding is usually completed in two to five minutes.

Is Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera) found in stalls?

On the distribution of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera, Muscidae) in stalls. Angewandte Parasitologie, 30 (1):57-61; 11 ref Stork MG, 1979. The epidemiological and economic importance of fly infestation of meat and milk producing animals in Europe.

Where do Stomoxys calcitrans live?

Stomoxys calcitrans is a cosmopolitan insect, meaning that it can be found worldwide as long as suitable food and weather conditions can be met. The habitat of the stable fly, as suggested by its common name, is almost anywhere that horses, cattle, and other agricultural animals can be found (especially inside barns and stables).

How do horse stomach worms get into the stomach?

The larvae penetrate tissues in the oral cavity, feed parasitically whilst migrating through tissue of the esophagus to finally reach the stomach. The final larval stage is completed with the larvae attached to the mucosa of the horse’s stomach.

What are some examples of parasites found in horse feces?

When ready to pupate the larvae detach and are voided in the horse’s feces. Another example is Dermatobia hominis, torsalo-fly, which is an important parasite of cattle, and sometimes humans, in tropical regions of South America. The larvae cause a localized, furuncular (= like a boil) myiasis in the skin of their hosts.

What do Stomoxys flies eat?

Females of these flies typically take repeated small meals from their hosts to support production of their batches of eggs. Both females and males feed only on blood. Cattle and domestic buffalo are also the main hosts of Stomoxys and Haematobia flies. Parasitic diseases and transmitted organisms.

Is Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera) found in pastures?

Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) in pastures in spring and summer. J Econ Entomol . 2005;98:2307–2312. 8. Gilles J, David JF, LeCompte P, Tillard E. Relationships between chemical properties of larval media and development of two Stomoxys species (Diptera: Muscidae) from Reunion Island.

What is the main host of Stomoxys and Haematobia?

Cattle and domestic buffalo are also the main hosts of Stomoxys and Haematobia flies. Parasitic diseases and transmitted organisms. Irritation is caused by large numbers of Musca house-flies, through to severe biting stress from dense populations of Stomoxys or Haematobia flies.

What is dispersal of adult Stomoxys calcitrans?

Dispersal of adult Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) from known immature developmental areas. J Econ Entomol . 1985;78:

Do Stomoxys calcitrans move?

ABSTRACT:Although the movement of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans(L.), has been studied, its extent and significance has been uncertain. On a local scale (13 km), fly movement occurs between host animals and resting sites to feed and mate, mainly at on-farm locations where herbivorous livestock

Where do parasites live in horses?

The parasites reside in the internal organs, GI tract, lumen, tissues, and body cavities. The parasites get nutrition from the host and cause damage to the host by sucking blood and nutrition. Horses are affected by several internal parasites, and Strongyles are the most important parasites.

Are Stomoxyini larvae coprophagous?

Like in other Stomoxyini flies, larvae are coprophagous and develop in many kinds of ungulate dung; however, H. titillans is quite often associated with camels where is the most numerous biting flies.

Are Stomoxys calcitrans stable flies?

These are two female Stomoxys calcitrans, the first sunbasking near cattle and the second having inadvertently flown into a house in Dorset. Note the long piercing proboscis and the pattern of dark spots on the abdomen. Stable flies are important pests of cattle and numbers present in an area are commonly monitored with sticky panels.