What is a female puffin called?

Why is it called Puffinus puffinus?

The Latin name Puffinus puffinus belongs to the Manx Shearwater which in the past were called Manks puffins. Unfortunately, the Manks puffin was so-called because the word puffin (pophyn) was used to describe fatty and salted seabird meat.

What does Puffinus mean?

Puffinus is a New Latin loanword based on the English “puffin”. The original Latin term for shearwaters was usually the catchall name for sea-birds, mergus.

What is the scientific name of Puffin?

The current scientific name Puffinus derives from “puffin” and its variants, such as poffin, pophyn, and puffing, which referred to the cured carcass of the fat nestling of the shearwater, a former delicacy.

How did the Manks puffin get its name?

Unfortunately, the Manks puffin was so-called because the word puffin (pophyn) was used to describe fatty and salted seabird meat. The Atlantic puffin received the name much later because it, like the Manx Shearwater, nests in a burrow.

What is the scientific name of the Manx Puffin?

The scientific name of this species records a name shift: Manx shearwaters were called Manks puffins in the 17th century. Puffin is an Anglo-Norman word ( Middle English pophyn) for the cured carcasses of nestling shearwaters.

What causes puffinosis in Manx shearwaters?

Puffinosis is an epizootic viral disease of Manx shearwaters ( Puffinus puffinus ), 19 presumbed to be caused by a coronavirus. Regular epizootics affect general juveniles near fledging, causing high mortality after a period of blisters on the web of the feet and, sometimes, conjunctivitis.

What is the scientific name of the Manx shearwater?

The Manx Shearwater’s scientific name is Puffinus puffinus. Manx Shearwater birds are pretty large, reaching 30-38 cm (12-15 in) in length and 76-89 cm (30-35 in) in wingspan. The birds fly low above the sea, dipipping from one side to the other on stiff wings with the tips almost touching the water.

Why are puffins called Little friars of the north?

Although puffins look more like clowns with their brightly coloured bills and orange feet, their latin name, Fratercula arctica, means “little friar of the north”. Perhaps this is because the puffin’s black and white plumage looks a little like a friar’s robes?

What is the history of puffinosis?

106 years ago, a disease of Manx shearwaters (confusingly: Puffinus puffinus) was observed for the first time on the island of Skomer off the Pembrokeshire coast in South Wales. ‘Puffinosis’, as it came to be known, eluded formal description until after the Second World War, when it was recognised as a seasonal illness.

What is puffinosis in Manx shearwaters?

Puffinosis is a virus disease of manx shearwaters. Young birds get blisters on their feet, conjunctivitis and problems with movement. The death rate can reach 70% in infected birds. The infection is most common near walls and similar structures where the virus can be transmitted between feet.

What is puffinosis in shearwaters?

Puffinosis is a virus disease of manx shearwaters. Young birds get blisters on their feet, conjunctivitis and problems with movement. The death rate can reach 70% in infected birds.

How is the Institute of Zoology involved in the fight against puffinosis?

The Institute of Zoology has been involved since the mid-nineties when Andrew Cunningham examined shearwaters for the first time. Recently, efforts to pin down the cause of ‘puffinosis’ have been boosted with annual expeditions to Skomer.

What is the role of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the pathophysiology of tick infection?

Anaplasma phagocytophilum inhibits apoptosis and promotes cytoskeleton rearrangement for infection of tick cells. Infect Immun (2013) 81 :2415–25. 10.1128/IAI.00194-13 [ PMC free article] [ PubMed] [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar] [ Ref list] 193. Ayllon N, Villar M, Galindo RC, Kocan KM, Sima R, Lopez JA, et al. .

Why is it important to study the microbiota of ticks?

Therefore, it is important to identify the microorganisms that compose the microbiota of different organs of ticks and to determine their influence on the tick immune system as well as on tick vector competence.

What is the antimicrobial activity of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus eggs?

Antimicrobial activity in the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus eggs: Cellular localization and temporal expression of microplusin during oogenesis and embryogenesis. Dev Comp Immunol (2009) 33:913–9. 10.1016/j.dci.2009.02.009 [ PubMed] [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar]

What is canine anaplasmosis?

Canine anaplasmosis is a widespread disease. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections in dogs as well as in humans have been detected in many countries of the Northern hemisphere.

Is Anaplasma related to Ehrlichia?

Anaplasma species are closely related to the genus Ehrlichia. Both genera belong nowadays to the family Anaplasmataceae, in the order Rickettsiales. Species of the genus Anaplasma are implicated as pathogens of dogs, cats, ruminants, horses and humans.

What is the main vector of Anaplasma phagocytophilum?

The Castor Bean tick, Ixodes ricinus, is the main vector for Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Central and Northern Europe, while the Deer tick ( Ixodes scapularis) and the Western black-legged tick ( I. pacificus) are the main transmitting vectors in North America.

What are the signs and symptoms of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection?

After an incubation period of 10 to 14 days (for Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection) clinical signs develop, including fever (>39°C), anorexia, depression, lethargy, splenomegaly, rarely lymphadenomegaly or hepatomegaly. In some animals, reluctance to move, weakness and lameness occur as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory signs.

What is the economic importance of ticks?

The medical and economic importance of ticks has long been recognized due to their ability to transmit diseases to humans and animals. Ticks cause great economic losses to livestock, and adversely affect livestock hosts in several ways.

What is the chemical control of ticks?

Chemical control of ticks. There are several methods being applied for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases. The main weapon for the control of ticks at present is the use of chemical acaricides.

Why are ticks a problem in the veterinary field?

Ticks comprise veterinary problem because they transmit diseases, produce paralysis or toxicosis, and cause physical damage to livestock. Ticks’ species are grouped into three families, Argasidae or soft ticks, Ixodidae or hard ticks and Nuttalliellidae (Klompen et al., 1996).

What determines the bacterial composition of the tick microbiome?

Several factors shaping the bacterial composition of the tick microbiome have been identified and they include abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic factors (e.g. tick species, host blood-meal, and tick-developmental stages).

What is the difference between Boophilus and Rhipicephalus?

Boophilus ticks are generally one-host ticks, whereas Rhipicephalus are mostly three-host ticks. Babesia microti and Babesia divergens cause babesiosis, a hemolytic disease similar to malaria.

What is the phenotype of Anaplasma without Rhipicephalus ticks?

It is also known that in the absence of Rhipicephalus ticks, Anaplasma strains retain their transmission phenotype through Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus) annulatus or Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus) microplus ticks ( Scoles et al., 2007 ).

Where does Boophilus microplus live?

Boophilus microplus, the cattle tick,the southern cattle tick;occurs in Latin America, Australia, Southeast Asia and East Africa. It was eradicated from the USA in the first half of the last century. It has been recently introduced into West Africa.