What does E in HORSE stand for?

What is the E allele of a horse?

aa: If horse has E allele, then horse will be uniformly black. Cr/Cr: Horse is a double dilute cream (cremello, perlino, or smoky cream) and will have creamy off-white hair with pale eyes and skin.

What is the meaning of EE in horses?

EE, Ee, or Eea: Horse forms black pigment in skin and hair, and may be black, seal brown, or bay. ee, eea, or eaea: Horse is chestnut; it has black pigment in skin, but red pigment in hair. Agouti: Restricts eumelanin, or black pigment, to “points,” allowing red coat color to show on body.

What does eeee mean on a horse?

EE or Ee / AAt – This horse is bay, because there is one “normal” agouti allele present. The next color modifer is grey, represented by “G” for grey and “g” for non-grey. Grey “covers up” every other coat color and pattern eventually (other than dominant white).

How to treat EEE in horses?

Treatment consists of supportive care. Survival rates for horses infected with EEE or VEE is low; however, WEE survival can be as high as 70-80%. EEE/WEE/VEE vaccination is very effective at preventing clinical disease.

What does ee/aa mean on a horse’s coat color?

Ee / Aa – This horse is heterozygous for both genes. Its coat color is bay. Ee / AA – A bay horse that is homozygous agouti. ee / aa – Chestnut horse. No black allele, no agouti allele. ee / Aa – This is also a chestnut horse. Because there is no black allele, the A has no effect on coat color.

Where does the word equestrian come from?

Equestrian comes from equus, Latin for “horse”. Old statues of military heroes, like the famous one of General Sherman on New York’s Fifth Avenue, are frequently equestrian.

Is a horse homozygous for a recessive allele?

Animals homozygous for either recessive allele, or of genotype ee a are therefore chestnut, sorrel or a color derived from chestnut (such as palomino or red roan), with black pigment being found only in the skin, and not in the coat. One fact of horse color genetics is that since “red” horses are true-breeding it is easy to breed red foals.

Which allele determines whether eumelanin or phaeomelanin is synthesized?

Alleles of the E or extension locus (E +, e and e a) determine whether eumelanin or phaeomelanin is synthesized. E + is the dominant allele and horses of genotype E + E +, E + e or E + e a produce black eumelanin pigment, resulting in the horse colors of black, brown or bay and their derivatives, depending on the genotype at the agouti (A) locus.

Which allele enables the production of black pigment in the coat of the horse?

E – dominant allele which enables the production of black pigment in the coat of the horse. It extends the black pigment to the hair and skin. Because it is dominant, this allele is expressed in both the heterozygous ( E/e) and the homozygous state ( E/E ).

What is the dominant allele of a horse?

E + is the dominant allele and horses of genotype E + E +, E + e or E + e a produce black eumelanin pigment, resulting in the horse colors of black, brown or bay and their derivatives, depending on the genotype at the agouti (A) locus.

What is encephalomyelitis in horses?

Definition: Eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis are a pair of closely related viral diseases that affect the horse’s central nervous system. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) is more deadly than western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE).

What is the coat color of equine?

Equine Coat Color. VetGen currently offers DNA testing for Black, Chestnut, Cream dilution and Silver Dilution. The basic coat color of a horse is determined by the following genes: White (W), Gray (G), and E and A. The first two genes, W and G are dominant (need only one copy to produce the white or gray color).

What does ee aa mean on a horse?

ee / Aa – This is also a chestnut horse. Because there is no black allele, the A has no effect on coat color. ee / AA – This horse is chestnut, but also homozygous agouti.

How is Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) diagnosed?

Eastern equine encephalitis is diagnosed through bloodwork. Testing can include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples to identify the EEE virus. How is Eastern equine encephalitis treated?

Is there a cure for Eastern equine encephalitis?

Eastern Equine Encephalitis. There is no cure for EEE and supportive care is the only treatment for neuro-invasive (severe) EEE. In order to prevent the spread of EEE, remove standing water in and around homes, this can help reduce mosquito larvae, because mosquitoes lay eggs in water. Vaccines are available for birds and horses.

What happens if a human gets EEE from a horse?

Horses experience a high mortality rate at approximately 75%-90%. Horses who survive often have permanent nervous system damage. Vaccination of horses and susceptible birds is recommended in geographic areas where EEE occurs. Most humans that contract EEE will be asymptomatic.

Is there a cure for EEE?

There is no cure for EEE and supportive care is the only treatment for neuro-invasive (severe) EEE. In order to prevent the spread of EEE, remove standing water in and around homes, this can help reduce mosquito larvae, because mosquitoes lay eggs in water. Vaccines are available for birds and horses.

What is the academic art of riding?

The Academic Art of Riding is based on the knowledge of old riding masters. Starting with Xenophon, Pluvinel, Guérinière, Newcastle and up to Steinbrecht, just to name the most outstanding masters. Bent Branderups aim in life is to bring back the knowledge of the old masters and to explain their work.

Why is my horse’s eumelanin black?

In horses of genotype B + B + the eumelanin – if it is produced at all – is always black. Some alleles at the E locus can cause a switch from eumelanin production to phaeomelanin production (i.e. from black to red). These alleles override (and therefore mask) the effect of the B locus.

What is Eastern equine encephalitis and how is it prevented?

In summary, eastern equine encephalitis is a usually-fatal neurodegenerative disease that is effectively prevented by vaccination. While some may try to prevent the disease by limiting the horse’s exposure to mosquitos, this is normally ineffectual and the vaccine is the only tried and true method to prevent eastern equine encephalitis.

What is equine viral encephalomyelitis?

Equine viral encephalomyelitis (encephalitis) is an inflammation of the brain and spinal cord than run concurrently or at the same time. It is an infection that stems from a virus that is transmitted by mosquitos and other blood sucking insects that can infect both humans and horses.

What are the symptoms of encephalitis in horses?

Initial signs of eastern equine encephalitis in horses include, but are not limited to, any of the following: High fever (104-106 degrees Fahrenheit) that may be sustained for 24-48 hours Alert your veterinarian if any of these symptoms are present.