What causes chestnuts on horses?

What does horse chestnut wood look like?

Color/Appearance: Heartwood is creamy white or yellowish brown, not clearly demarcated from the white sapwood. Grain/Texture: Grain tends to be wavy or interlocked. Horse Chestnut has a fine, even texture.

Why is specific gravity of urine always greater than 1000?

Therefore the urine specific gravity is always greater than 1.000. Specific gravity is affected by the number of solute particles in solution as well as their molecular weight. It is therefore a way to estimate a solution’s osmolality, which is affected only by the number of solute particles in solution.

Are horse chestnuts and buckeye trees related?

However, neither horse chestnuts nor buckeyes are considered major commercial timber trees on the level of oak or cherry. The trees are readily identified due to some very distinctive features, including sticky buds, large fingered leaves, tall flowered candles and chestnuts.

How big do horse chestnuts get?

European horse chestnuts can grow to 131 feet tall with an average weight of 32 pounds per square foot and a specific gravity of 0.51. Wood works well with hand and machine tools, with a slight blunting effect to cutting surfaces. It nails, screws, glues and finishes well.

Is horse chestnut wood the same as Buckeye?

Horse chestnut is actually related to its American counterpart in the Aesculus genus, yellow buckeye. Images: Drag the slider up/down to toggle between raw and finished wood.

Why does my cat’s urine specific gravity fluctuate so much?

It’s important to note that a pet’s urine specific gravity will fluctuate throughout the day, which is completely normal. This measurement is especially important for cats because felines typically do not drink enough water, and cats eating more dry food than wet food may not ingest enough moisture. 2

Are horse chestnuts poisonous to sheep?

Generally prefer rich moist soils, woodlands, etc., but some species have adapted to drier conditions. Horse chestnuts are frequently planted as ornamental shade trees. Cattle, sheep, horses, swine, chickens and humans have been poisoned naturally and experimentally by various species of buckeye.

Is horse chestnut hard to work with?

Workability: Horse chestnut is generally easy to work, but it’s low density and interlocked grain can lead to fuzzy surfaces, similar to Aspen or Cottonwood. Glues and finishes well. Odor: No characteristic odor.

What is the specific gravity of urine in animals?

The specific gravity of urine is dependent on the hydration status of the animal and the ability of the kidney to respond appropriately in order to dilute or concentrate urine over that of plasma.

What is the specific gravity of urine in a dehydrated cow?

Specific Gravity. Isosthenuria (USpG of 1.006-1.014) in dehydrated or azotemic cattle is indicative of renal dysfunction because normal renal function should concentrate urine in a dehydrated patient. Unilateral renal ischemia or disease usually does not result in isosthenuric specific gravity of urine.

What is the importance of cat’s urinary pH levels?

Cats’ Urinary pH and Their Health 1 The Importance of pH Levels. The pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity in any liquid. … 2 The Normal Urine pH Range for Cats. Cats need acidic urine to maintain urinary tract health. … 3 Other Factors That Affect Feline Urinary Tract Health. … 4 Your Cat’s Diet and Urinary Tract Health.

What is the specific gravity of urinal fluid?

Urinary specific gravity reflects the ability of the kidney to concentrate urine and is therefore a useful indicator of renal function. 1. The specific gravity of normal equine urine varies between 1.020 and 1.050.

What causes specific gravity to increase in urine?

Increased specific gravity may be caused by radiographic contrast media if the preadministration urine specific gravity was less than 1.040 (if preadministration urine specific gravity was >1.040, urine specific gravity may decrease because of osmotic diuresis).

What is the specific gravity of urine in dogs with renal failure?

Low Urine Specific Gravity The urine specific gravity in a dog with normal renal function and prerenal uremia secondary to dehydration and decreased cardiac output should be greater than 1.030, whereas urine specific gravity in a dog with primary renal failure is within or near the isosthenuric range (1.008 to 1.020).

Are mints poisonous to horses?

Although this low-creeping perennial plant is edible by humans, it’s toxic to horses and rabbits. It’s a member of the mint (Lamiaceae) family, and as such may seem appealing to them when grazing in open fields and pastures.

What is urine specific gravity and why is it important?

Urine specific gravity is a term used to describe urine concentration. When your pet has a urinalysis that is performed by a veterinarian, urine specific gravity is one of the many things measured for both cats and dogs. This test is also given to humans as a diagnostic tool.

What is specific gravity of a solution?

It is therefore a way to estimate a solution’s osmolality, which is affected only by the number of solute particles in solution. The urine specific gravity primarily reflects the ability of the renal tubules to respond to the activity of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to produce concentrated urine.

What is the range for urine specific gravity in cats?

Reference ranges vary from canine and feline USG values. Ranges in veterinary medicine from the Merck Veterinary Manual Urine Volume and Specific Gravity table include: Urine Specific Gravity values in the 1.008 to 1.010 range are termed isosthenuria.

Why is the specific gravity of urine higher in dogs?

The specific gravity of urine is higher because of the substances found in urine. How much higher will depend on several factors. The hydration level of an animal is important to consider when evaluating the significance of a pet’s urine specific gravity.

What is in a urine test for horses?

Sediment will usually be noted if the container is left undisturbed for a short time. Normal horse urine will foam on agitation due to the natural protein content. Routine urinalysis includes the measurement of specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, bilirubin, urobilinogen and ketones.

What kind of salts are in horse urine?

– Urine Salts. Various forms of calcic carbonates and ammonium urates found in normal urine of the horse. When the urine of the horse is analysed it is found that in every 1000 parts there are about 905-910 of water, 55 of organic substances, and 40 of inorganic substances.

What is nitrogen in horse urine?

Nitrogen excreted from horses is usually present either as urea in urine, which is quickly converted to ammonia (NH3), or it remains in association with organic matter in the feces. Ammonia (NH3) can be volatilized into the atmosphere.

What is the normal specific gravity of urine Quizlet?

What is the normal specific gravity of urine? 1.000 to 1.025 What kidney function is reflected by urine specific gravity? the ability to concentrate uirn Name 10 chemical test routinely performed on urine using the reagent strip method.

What is the USPG of Isosthenuria in a dehydrated cow?

Isosthenuria (USpG of 1.006-1.014) in dehydrated or azotemic cattle is indicative of renal dysfunction because normal renal function should concentrate urine in a dehydrated patient. Unilateral renal ischemia or disease usually does not result in isosthenuric specific gravity of urine.

What determines the quantity of urine secreted by animals?

The quantity of urine secreted depends, of course, chiefly upon the quantity of water that has been ingested, but it is in part determined also by the activity of the skin. With free exercise, and abundant sweating in dry air and in hot weather, the quantity is diminished, whilst it is increased when the animal is at rest and exposed to cold.

What is the normal pH of urine in cattle?

The urinary pH accurately using spectrophotometry by comparing the in normal cattle is usually on the alkaline side and may sample turbidity with that of a set of standards. The range from 7.4 to 8.4 [14].