What are the side effects of horse chestnut?

What are the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide in horses?

Muscle swelling, stiffness, mild fever, anorexia, and lethargy are all potential side effects. Editor’s Note: This is from Understanding Equine Preventive Medicine by author and veterinarian Bradford G. Bentz, VMD.

What are the side effects of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide?

If triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide is employed, frequent evaluations of acid/base balance and serum electrolytes are necessary. Hydrochlorothiazide, a sulfonamide, can cause an idiosyncratic reaction, resulting in acute transient myopia and acute angle-closure glaucoma.

What happens when a horse has hypertension?

Horses with HYPP can experience unpredictable attacks of muscle tremors or paralysis, which in severe cases can lead to collapse and sudden death due to cardiac arrest or respiratory failure. HYPP is primarily associated with horses with heavy musculature (although not necessarily all well muscled horses are affected).

Can hydrochlorothiazide cause elevated potassium levels?

Abnormal elevation of serum potassium levels (greater than or equal to 5.5 mEq/liter) can occur with all potassium-sparing diuretic combinations, including triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide.

How many milligrams of hydrochlorothiazide are in a capsule?

Each capsule, for oral administration, contains 37.5 mg triamterene and 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide or 50 mg triamterene and 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide.

How many mg of triamterene is in a tablet?

Watson has triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide 75 mg/50 mg 100 count tablets (NDC 00591-0348-01) and 500 count tablets (NDC 00591-0348-05) on allocation. The triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide 37.5mg/25 mg 100 count tablets (NDC 00591-0424-01) and 500 count tablets (NDC 00591-0424-05) are also on allocation.

How is hyperkalemia treated in patients on hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene?

If hyperkalemia is present, triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide should be discontinued immediately and a thiazide alone should be substituted. If the serum potassium exceeds 6.5 mEq/liter more vigorous therapy is required. The clinical situation dictates the procedures to be employed.

Can insulin resistance cause high blood pressure in horses?

Studies in horses have shown a relationship between insulin resistance and hypertension (high blood pressure), similar to humans. Arterial hypertension can be a symptom of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), especially in chronically foundered ponies.

Can cobalt cause high blood pressure in horses?

Horses with recurrent airway obstruction are at increased risk of developing pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs). A substance that increases blood pressure, often dangerously so, is cobalt, reportedly given to racehorses to enhance performance.

What is arterial hypertension in horses?

Arterial hypertension can be a symptom of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), especially in chronically foundered ponies. Horses with recurrent airway obstruction are at increased risk of developing pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs).

What is hyperkalemia (high potassium)?

Hyperkalemia (High Potassium) What is hyperkalemia? Hyperkalemia is a higher than normal level of potassium in the blood. Although mild cases may not produce symptoms and may be easy to treat, severe cases of hyperkalemia that are left untreated can lead to fatal cardiac arrhythmias, which are abnormal heart rhythms.

What happens if a horse has too much potassium?

Potassium Imbalance: Hyperkalemia in Horses. Along with other electrolytes such as sodium and calcium, potassium plays an important role in normal muscle contraction and relaxation. However, when potassium concentration in the bloodstream gets too high, a condition known as hyperkalemia, it can be life-threatening.

What causes hyperkalemia in horses?

In healthy horses, the kidneys filter out excess potassium from circulation, which is then excreted through the urine. When the kidneys fail to clear potassium, or when too much potassium moves from inside to outside of cells, hyperkalemia can result.

What causes high CPK levels in horses?

Selenium and vitamin E deficiencies are also a cause for elevated CPK levels in the horse. Chloride – This is a negatively-charged electrolyte (dissolved salt). High levels of chloride can occur with diarrhea, dehydration, fluid therapy, and acidosis (where the pH of the body is abnormally low).

How many milliliters do you give a 1000 lb horse?

Now divide the 10,000 mg by the 500 mg in the concentration. This will give you the number of milliliters of the drug to give. In this case, you will be giving 20 milliliters for your 1,000 lb horse.

How to calculate horse treats for horses?

When working with a liquid: Multiply your horse’s weight in pounds times the dose rate in milligrams per pound. This gives you the total number of milligrams for the dose for your horse. The concentration of the drug is 500 mg/ml. Now divide the 10,000 mg by the 500 mg in the concentration.

How do you calculate how many pills to give a horse?

Divide by the number of milligrams in the tablet, pill or capsule. This will give you the number of tablets, pills or capsules to give your horse. When working with a liquid: Multiply your horse’s weight in pounds times the dose rate in milligrams per pound.

Why is there a shortage of Mylan triamterene?

Sandoz stated the shortage is due to a raw material shortage and capacity issues. Mylan has triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide 37.5 mg/25 mg capsules on back order and the company cannot estimate a release date. The 37.5 mg/25 mg and 75 mg/50 mg tablets are also on back order and the company estimates a release date of mid-July, 2011.

What kind of antibiotics can you give a horse?

Some of the more common oral antibiotics in horses include trimethoprim sulfa, metronidazole, enrofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. Trimethoprim sulfa (SMZ, TMS, sulfa tabs) is an antibiotic which has a broad spectrum of activity against a variety of bacteria. It is broken down by the liver and excreted in the urine.

When will triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide be available?

UDL has available triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide 75 mg/50 mg unit dose tablets in 100 count packages (NDC 51079-0433-20). The company is shipping partial releases of the 37.5 mg/25 mg capsules as product becomes available. GSK has Dyazide 37.5 mg/25 mg capsules on back order and the company estimates a release date of mid-July, 2011.

How does hydrochlorothiazide interact with triamterene?

The renal clearances of hydrochlorothiazide and the pharmacologically active metabolite of triamterene, the sulfate ester of hydroxytriamterene, have been shown to be reduced and the plasma levels increased following triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide administration to elderly patients and patients with impaired renal function.

What are triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide capsules used to treat?

Triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide capsules are indicated for the treatment of hypertension or edema in patients who develop hypokalemia on hydrochlorothiazide alone. Triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide capsules are also indicated for those patients who require a thiazide diuretic and in whom the development of hypokalemia cannot be risked.

What is hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses?

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyPP) is a dominantly inherited disorder of muscle in quarter horses, American paint horses, Appaloosas, and quarter horse crossbred animals that causes episodes of tremors, myotonia, weakness, or paralysis in association with elevated serum potassium (Naylor, 1997; Spier et al., 1990 ).

Can horses have hypertension?

Hypertension has not been documented in horses “diagnosed” as having MS, but they are prone to laminitis, which involves hypertensive changes in the blood supply to the hoof and are frequently obese. There is disagreement as to whether non-obese IR horses are truly comparable to humans with MS.

Do older horses with Cushing’s disease need insulin?

Although insulin resistance is seen in geriatric horses with or without Cushing ’s disease, older horses should have insulin and ACTH testing as they age in order to avoid laminitis events. In the past (even one year ago) horses were misdiagnosed with normal insulin, when in fact, they were insulin resistant.

How to manage insulin resistance in horses?

Management of the Insulin Resistant Horse. Due to muscle loss, lowered exercise, and increased fat, insulin levels go up in many older horses. Although insulin resistance is seen in geriatric horses with or without Cushing ’s disease, older horses should have insulin and ACTH testing as they age in order to avoid laminitis events.