How do birds sit on power lines without dying?

How is ATP transported in the electron transport chain?

The Electron Transport Chain. ATP is created when hydrogen ions are pumped into the inner space (lumen) of the thylakoid. Hydrogen ions have a positive charge. Like in magnets, the same charges repel, so the hydrogen ions want to get away from each other. They escape the thylakoid through a membrane protein called ATP synthase.

What is the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Figure 7.12 The electron transport chain is a series of electron transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen. In the process, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and oxygen is reduced to form water.

How does energy flow through an ecosystem?

Energy flows into an ecosystem usually via sunlight. This light energy is used in a process called photosynthesis, allowing plant matter (flora) to grow. Flora then becomes a food source for birds, animals and insects.

How do migrating birds gain fat?

Fatty acids from lipids possess much higher amounts of energy than proteins or glycogen in the body, that is way migrating birds gain fat which is then used to fuel their journey ahead [6].

How do electrons gather energy from sunlight?

The Electron Transport Chain. While at photosystem II and I, the electrons gather energy from sunlight. How do they do that? Chlorophyll, which is present in the photosystems, soaks up light energy. The energized electrons are then used to make NADPH. The electron transport chain is a series of molecules that accept or donate electrons easily.

What is the role of electron transport chain in photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll, which is present in the photosystems, soaks up light energy. The energized electrons are then used to make NADPH. The electron transport chain is a series of molecules that accept or donate electrons easily.

What is the electron transport chain of the mitochondria?

The mammalian mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) includes complexes I-IV, as well as the electron transporters ubiquinone and cytochrome c. There are two electron transport pathways in the ETC: Complex I/III/IV, with NADH as the substrate and complex II/III/IV, with succinic acid as the substrate.

How do mitochondria accept electrons and pass them to the next molecule?

They accept high-energy electrons and pass the electrons to the next molecule in the system. At key proton-pumping sites, the energy of the electrons transports protons across the membrane into the outer compartment of the mitochondrion.

What is the electron transport system in cellular respiration?

Electron Transport System. In cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is an oxygen atom. In their energy-depleted condition, the electrons unite with an oxygen atom. The electron-oxygen combination then reacts with two hydrogen ions (protons) to form a water molecule (H 2 O).

What are the feedback controls in cellular respiration?

For a summary of feedback controls in cellular respiration, see [link]. Cellular respiration is controlled by a variety of means. The entry of glucose into a cell is controlled by the transport proteins that aid glucose passage through the cell membrane.

How does feedback inhibition affect the electron transport chain?

Specific enzymes of the electron transport chain are unaffected by feedback inhibition, but the rate of electron transport through the pathway is affected by the levels of ADP and ATP. Greater ATP consumption by a cell is indicated by a buildup of ADP.

How is cellular respiration controlled by transport proteins?

Cellular respiration is controlled by a variety of means. The entry of glucose into a cell is controlled by the transport proteins that aid glucose passage through the cell membrane.

How is ATP synthesized in aerobic respiration?

Most of the ATP synthesis in aerobic respiration is done by the method of oxidative phosphorylation. The energy that is supposed to be released by suing of oxygen helps in making the making of a chemiosmosis potential which is used to have the ATP synthesis in aerobic respiration driven across the membrane by having the protons pumped up.

What is the role of the electron transport system in photosynthesis?

The electron transport system in the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis is the one that is responsible for the production of electrons that are used as precursor for NADPH production. The NADPH and the other products that are made during the light dependent reaction are used during the dark reaction to produce sugar molecules.

What is the electron transport system in the light dependent reaction?

The electron transport system in the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis is the one that is responsible for the production of electrons that are used as precursor for NADPH production.

Why are photosystem I and II not in the electron transport chain?

Photosystem I and II don’t align with the route electrons take through the transport chain because they weren’t discovered in that order. Photosystem I was discovered first. Later, photosystem II was discovered and found to be earlier in the electron transport chain. But it was too late, the name stuck.

What is the source of energy for most ecosystems?

Photoautotrophs, such as plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria, are the energy source for a majority of the world’s ecosystems. Photoautotrophs harness the Sun’s solar energy by converting it to chemical energy.

How do birds prepare for migrating?

Birds prepare for migration. To help birds prepare themselves for the long journey away from home for the winter, they build up body fat. They fuel up with certain foods and reserve up to 50% of their body weight.

What is the electron transport chain of ATP?

The Electron Transport Chain. This means that when electrons are moved, hydrogen ions move too. ATP is created when hydrogen ions are pumped into the inner space (lumen) of the thylakoid. Hydrogen ions have a positive charge. Like in magnets, the same charges repel, so the hydrogen ions want to get away from each other.

What is the electron transport chain in a cell membrane?

The electron transport chain is a series of molecules that accept or donate electrons easily. By moving step-by-step through these, electrons are moved in a specific direction across a membrane. The movement of hydrogen ions are coupled with this. This means that when electrons are moved, hydrogen ions move too.

How do electrons gather energy at photosystem II and I?

While at photosystem II and I, the electrons gather energy from sunlight. How do they do that? Chlorophyll, which is present in the photosystems, soaks up light energy. The energized electrons are then used to make NADPH.

What does photosynthesis use the energy of sunlight for?

Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy sugars and oxygen What does photosynthesis require in addition to water and carbon dioxide? sunlight and chlorophyll Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments What is the principal pigment of plants?