Do synodontis catfish eat other fish?

What are the cyprinoid fish hosts of clonorchiasis?

The Cyprinoid freshwater fish, which constitute approximately 11 families, play a role as second intermediate hosts for C. sinensis. Most of the fish species belong to the family Cyprinidae. In clonorchiasis endemic areas, P. parva (a small freshwater fish of weight 0. 5–1. 5 g) is the most common second intermediate host. Small fish, such as P.

Do freshwater fish have an osmotic problem?

Freshwater fish face the opposite osmotic problem to marine fish (see also OSMOTIC, IONIC AND NITROGENOUS-WASTE BALANCE | Mechanisms of Ion Transport in Freshwater Fishes); rather than continually combating dehydration, they suffer from a continual osmotic gain of water.

How many pairs of barbels does Synodontis have?

The genus Synodontis sports three pairs of barbels 1pair: maxillary, 1 pair: outer mandibular and one pair of inner mandibular barbels that are branched (filaments). There are only three species that have filaments on their maxillary barbels as well as the mandibular, and they are, S. clarias, S. decorus and S. flavitaeniatiatus.

Is the Diet of freshwater fish a source or sink of ions?

However, in freshwater fish in particular, the diet can provide a vital source of many ions, as well as a net sink for endogenous water. Thomas Mehner, Sandra Brucet, in Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 2021

What happens to fish in a hyperosmotic environment?

In the hyperosmotic marine environment, fishes tend to gain salts and lose water by passive diffusion, while the opposite happens in freshwater with fishes gaining water and losing salts [5].

What is the osmotic concentration of fish?

Both types of fishes maintain their osmotic concentration at about the quarter to one-third the level in sea-water (Table 8.9). There is another type of fish, which roams both in sea water and fresh water. Therefore, can tolerate a wide range of salinities.

What osmotic regulatory challenges would a fish living in freshwater have?

What osmotic regulatory challenges would a fish living in freshwater have versus a fish living in salt water? A fish living freshwater would be hyperosmotic to its surroundings. This means that it is surrounded by water that is less salty than its blood.

How many pairs of barbels does a fish have?

The fish has three pairs of barbels. The maxillary barbels are on located on the upper jaw, and two pairs of mandibular barbels are on the lower jaw. The maxillary barbel has a narrow membrane attached near the base and is straight without any branches.

What are the characteristics of Syndontis fish?

The tail, or caudal fin, is forked, with rounded lobes, and contains eight rays on the upper lobe, nine rays on the lower lobe. The mouth of the fish faces downward and has wide lips that contain papilla. All members of Syndontis have a structure called a premaxillary toothpad, which is located on the very front of the upper jaw of the mouth.

How big do Synodontis barbels get?

The barbels are white. The maximum standard length of known specimens is 8 centimetres (3.1 in) with a total length of 10 centimetres (3.9 in). Generally, females in the genus Synodontis tend to be slightly larger than males of the same age.

How common is Clonorchis sinensis?

Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus are three closely related species that produce similar clinical manifestations in humans. C. sinensis ( Figure 119-9) is the most common of the three, with over 35 million people infected in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and eastern Russia.

How can this aid the Clonorchis in reproduction?

How can this aid C. sinensis? – This aids the Clonorchis in reproduction, because it enables the miracidium to captilatize on one chance occasion of passively being eaten by a snail before the egg dies. 16.

Is Opisthorchiasis the same as clonorchiasis?

Felines are important reservoir hosts in endemic areas for both O. felineus and O. viverrini. Clinically, opisthorchiasis is indistinguishable from clonorchiasis and treatment is similar to that for clonorchiasis. View chapter Purchase book Life Cycle of Parasites☆

What are the osmoregula­Tory problems of freshwater fish?

The body fluid of freshwater fishes is generally hyperosmotic to their aqueous medium. Thus they are posed with two types of osmoregula­tory problems. i. Because of hyperosmotic body fluid they are subjected to swelling by movement of water into their body owing to osmotic gradient. ii.

Which fish would be hyperosmotic to its surroundings?

A fish living freshwater would be hyperosmotic to its surroundings. This means that it is surrounded by water that is less salty than its blood.

Why do fish have high osmolarity?

Most fish are osmoregulators and maintain an internal osmolarity independent of the outside environment. Most marine fish lose water to osmosis since the higher external osmolarity drives water from their bodies. These osmoregulators, therefore, drink lots of seawater and excrete excess ions through their gills and in concentrated urine.

Which fish is iso-osmotic?

Other marine water fishes such as sharks, rays, skates and primitive coelacanth, Latimaria, have plasma which is iso-osmotic to sea water. They differ from the hagfish in having capacity to maintain very lower electrolyte (i.e., inorganic ions) concentrations.

Why are fish hyposmotic to the medium?

These are hyposmotic animals. They live in constant danger of losing water to the osmotically more concentrated medium. (ii) The fresh water fishes, on the other hand, have internal concentrations greater than that of their external medium. Thus, they are hyperosmotic to the medium.

How does a saltwater fish maintain osmotic equilibrium?

The salt concen­tration in their body fluid is roughly one- third the level of the sea-water (Table 8.9), but they still maintain osmotic equilibrium. This is achieved by adding to the body fluids large amount of organic compounds primarily urea.

Why do fish cells have high solute and high concentration of water?

This is because the cells of the fish have a higher solute concentration, so water tends to flow inside the cell to ‘balance’ out the concentration (via osmosis). Hypertonic is the opposite. Water goes OUT of the cells of the fish.

Are freshwater fish hyperosmotic or osmotic?

Freshwater fish are hyperosmotic with respect to the environment in which they live, which promotes a constant osmotic gradient for water entry into the body and the loss of ions through the gill epithelium.

Do fish need energy to maintain osmolarity of fluid?

In marine fishes, the concentration of body fluid and marine water is almost similar. Therefore, they do not require much energy for maintenance of osmolarity of their body fluid. The classic example is hagfish, Myxine whose plasma is iso-osmotic to the environment.

What is opisthorchiasis in humans?

Opisthorchiasis is a parasitic disease that can infect fish eating mammals, including humans. The trematode liver fluke worms, Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus, cause opisthorchiasis by parasitizing the liver and biliary passages of their hosts.

What are the aetiological agents for opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis?

Opisthorchis and Clonorchis spp. are the aetiological agents for opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis, respectively.

What are Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini?

Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis are liver flukes (a type of flatworm) that are associated with an increased risk of cholangiocarcinomas. Infections with these liver flukes come from eating raw or undercooked fish. They occur almost exclusively in East Asia and are rare in other parts of the world.

What are the eggs of Clonorchis and Opisthorchis?

The eggs of Clonorchis are very similar to those of Opisthorchis, another liver fluke, but can be distinguished by microscopic features.