Do hoplo catfish have spines?

What is a catfish spine?

They have whiskers, also known as barbells, protruding from around their mouths. These fish also have catfish spines, tiny pieces of bone that can be found in the pectoral and dorsal fins of the fish. Catfish spines are the primary cause for concern among anglers.

What is a catfish and where do they live?

Catfish are a distinctive type of fish that have whiskers protruding from the area around the mouth. They also have external spines near their fins. Catfish are often found in muddy rivers, lakes, and on beaches in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters.

What is a catfish spine envenomation?

Catfish spine envenomations are common injuries, reported in both freshwater and saltwater. Such injuries are complex puncture wounds, often complicated by severe infection. Signs and symptoms range from simple local pain and bleeding to systemic manifestations with hemodynamic compromise.

What are some examples of catfish?

Here are just a few examples of catfish species: Blue Catfish: Endemic to Mexico and the Southeastern United States, this is the largest species of catfish on the entire North American continent. With its blue-gray coloration, this fish is highly tolerant of brackish waters, which has allowed it to thrive in all kinds of rivers and lakes.

What is catfish envenomation and cellulitis?

We report a case of catfish envenomation characterized by abscess formation and cellulitis, in which wound cultures grew these unusual organisms. Case presentation A 52-year-old Chinese-American man was hospitalized with erythema and swelling of his right arm of 10 days’ duration after skin penetration by a catfish barb.

Is catfish envenomation a common sequelae of handling?

Although envenomation and secondary infection are not uncommon sequelae of handling catfish, the present case is unique by virtue of the infecting organisms isolated. Given the prevalence of injury from catfish stings, a review of the literature is presented in order to provide recommendations for prevention and treatment of catfish envenomation.

What are the symptoms of a catfish spine envenomation?

Catfish spine envenomations are common injuries, reported in both freshwater and saltwater. Such injuries are complex puncture wounds, often complicated by severe infection. Signs and symptoms range from simple local pain and bleeding to systemic manifestations with hemodynamic compromise. Care and …

Why do catfish have spines on their dorsal fins?

Virtually all catfish, including Ictaluridae, possess spines on their dorsal and pectoral fins, which serve as defense mechanisms when they are agitated or disturbed [1].

What are the long-term complications of catfish envenomations?

Although an infrequent occurrence, the most serious long-term complications of catfish envenomations involve infections. Ictaluridaeare freshwater catfish that generally inhabit stagnant and dirty waters, potentially increasing the risk of infection.

Is Proteus vulgarishas infected by catfish stings?

Introduction Abscess formation and cellulitis in the setting of envenomation are rare complications of handling catfish. To the best of our knowledge, isolation of Proteus vulgarishas not been previously recorded, and recovery of Morganella morganiihas been reported in only one prior case from wound cultures in patients injured by catfish stings.

What is the initial treatment for catfish envenomation?

Initial treatment of catfish envenomation should include aggressive cleaning of the wound and the surrounding area, with an attempt to remove any remnants of spinal sheath, as this radiolucent organic matter may promote inflammation and harbor virulent waterborne organisms.

How to handle a catfish out of the water?

One way to handle a live catfish out of water is to grasp it behind the pectoral fins, keeping the dorsal spine pressed down with the palm of the hand [7]. Another suggested method involves gently grasping the fish in an anterior-to-posterior direction so that the erect dorsal spine fits safely between the second and third digits [6].

Are catfish toxins harmful to humans?

Ictaluridae are freshwater catfish that generally inhabit stagnant and dirty waters, potentially increasing the risk of infection. The vasoconstrictive effects of catfish toxins may also add to the infection risk by decreasing blood flow to the affected tissue [ 8 ].

Can Proteus vulgarishas and Morganella morganii be isolated from wound cultures?

To the best of our knowledge, isolation of Proteus vulgarishas not been previously recorded, and recovery of Morganella morganiihas been reported in only one prior case from wound cultures in patients injured by catfish stings.

What are the sources of bacterial infections in catfish?

Sources of these bacterial strains include both the catfish and its aquatic environment, as numerous bacterial species have been isolated from the water and sediment in which catfish inhabit [ 14 ].

What causes superficial skin infections caused by catfish stings?

Effective medical management of superficial skin infections usually only involve antibacterial coverage of Gram-positive organisms, including Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. However, superficial skin infections resulting from catfish stings are likely to be caused by Gram-negative organisms, including Enterobacteriaceae.

What is the first aid treatment for a Stonefish?

First Aid Treatment 1 Ensure rescuer will not become envenomated. … 2 Phone 000 or 112 calling for ambulance, state suspected stonefish envenomation 3 If the spine is embedded – manage as per penetrating injury (pad base of spine and apply pressure to pads, DO NOT REMOVE SPINE) More items…

Why are Vietnamese catfish so bad for You?

Another issue is the name of the fish. Vietnamese catfish marketed under the name Basa or Swai are not considered actual catfish according to the federal government. So they are not inspected and held to the same standard as a “true” catfish would be. That opens the door for more contaminants to slip in.

Where do you find Morganella morganii?

M. morganii is the only Morganella species, which has subspecies morganii and sibonii. M. morganii usually is positive for indole, urea, and ornithine. 1–5 Proteus, Providencia, and M. morganii are found in the natural environment in soil and water and in environmental sources in healthcare facilities.

What is the pathophysiology of Morganella morganii infection?

Like Proteus species, Morganella morganii has properties that enhance its ability to infect the urinary tract; these include motility and the ability to produce urease. Urolithiasis is associated with both genera.

Can Morganella morganii be recovered from urine cultures?

Morganella morganii urinary tract infections Morganella morganii is commonly recovered from urine cultures in patients with long-term indwelling urinary catheters 19). In a study of 135 consecutive patients with symptomatic, complicated, multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections, nearly 10% were infected with Morganella morganii.

What is the difference between Proteus and Morganella morganii?

Unlike Proteus species, swarming does not occur. Morganella morganii urinary tract infections are often associated with an alkaline urine pH.

What causes bacterial diseases in fish?

Bacterial Diseases of Fish. Predisposition to such outbreaks frequently is associated with poor water quality, organic loading of the aquatic environment, handling and transport of fish, marked temperature changes, hypoxia, or other stressful conditions. Most bacterial pathogens of fish are aerobic, gram-negative rods.

What causes enteric septicemia in channel catfish?

Edwardsiella ictaluri causes enteric septicemia of catfish, the most important infectious disease in the channel catfish industry. Infection occurs in the spring and fall when water temperatures are 22°–28°C, and mortality may be exacerbated by handling stress, chemical treatment, or poor water quality.

What are the sources of bacteria in catfish?

Sources of these bacterial strains include both the catfish and its aquatic environment, as numerous bacterial species have been isolated from the water and sediment in which catfish inhabit [14].

Is M morganii Bacillus motile?

M. morganii (formerly Proteus morganii) is a motile gram-negative bacillus commonly found in the feces of humans, other mammals, and reptiles. 27 The organism was elevated to genus rank because of genetic differences from Proteus, with which it is otherwise biologically similar. 7 Most strains do not ferment lactose.