Do bumblebee cichlids change color?

Do cichlids mate by colour or melanin pattern?

Cichlids are frequently found to mate assortatively by colour or melanin pattern, both in nature [7], [103], [104], [105] and in experimental settings ( Table 1 ).

Do zebrafish have different pigment patterns?

Adult pigment patterns of fishes in the genus Danio , which includes zebrafish, D. rerio , include horizontal stripes, vertical bars, spots and uniform patterns, and provide an outstanding opportunity to identify causes of species level variation in a neural crest derived trait.

What can zebrafish teach us about pattern formation?

Named for its distinctive stripes, the zebrafish and its pigment cells have been useful models for understanding mechanisms of pattern formation, morphogenesis, and cell fate acquisition.

How do zebrafish get their stripes?

Zebrafish display golden and blue horizontal stripes that form during metamorphosis as mosaics of yellow xanthophores, silvery or blue iridophores and black melanophores in the hypodermis. Lineage tracing revealed the origin of the adult pigment cells and their individual cellular behaviours during the formation of the striped pattern.

What is the pigmentation of a zebrafish?

The pigmentation of adult zebrafish consists of several different elements and depends on several distinct classes of pigment cells. By far the most prominent elements are the dark stripes and light “interstripes” that run horizontally across the body.

How do fish change their colour?

Many fishes are able to change their colour of the body because of the migration of the pigment within the chromatophore. The pigment granules may disperse throughout the cell or aggregate in the centre to give different tone and pattern to the fish. There are four basic types of chromatophores based on colour of pigment granules present therein.

What are the three functional categories of fish behaviour?

Foraging, spawning and predator-evasion tactics are given as examples of three major functional categories of behaviour in relation to shoaling, schooling and individual behaviour. Some specific anti-predator action patterns which have been described for fish shoals 8~ FOR Fig. 1.

What causes the skin pattern of zebrafish?

Previous studies have revealed that the skin pattern of zebrafish is caused by complicated interaction between three kinds of pigment cells ( Johnson et al., 1995, Kondo and Miura, 2010, Parichy and Spiewak, 2015, Singh and Nüsslein-Volhard, 2015 ).

What do zebrafish mutations tell us about chromatophore patterning?

Zebrafish pigmentation mutations and the processes of neural crest development. Mutations in five genes remove part of the wild-type pigment pattern, and suggest a role in larval pigment pattern formation. Mutations in five genes show ectopic chromatophores in distinct sites, and may have implications for chromatophore patterning and proliferation.

What are the phenotypes of the zebrafish?

One of the most readily observable phenotypes in the zebrafish is its distinctive pigmentation patterning, which, in wild-type adults, appears as alternating dark and light longitudinal stripes.

What is the evolutionary significance of zebrafish color patterns?

Color patterns are prominent features of many animals; they are highly variable and evolve rapidly leading to large diversities even within a single genus. As targets for natural as well as sexual selection, they are of high evolutionary significance. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become an import …

What are the functional groups of marine fish?

Some species appear to fit easily into traditional, broad ‘functional groups’ like the (a) algal turf cropping Acanthurus lineatus or (b) the excavating parrotfish Chlorurus microrhinos, with its highly modified, coral-cracking jaws.

What is the color of chromatophores?

Cytoplasm of chromatophores contains different pigment granules, which are responsible for colour. These are flavines (yellowish green), carotenoides (yellow, red) and melanin (black and brown). Amalgamation of different chromatophores produces a wide range of colour, thus yellow and black (Fig. 16.1).

What are chromatophores in zebrafish?

Unlike endothermic vertebrates that have a single neural crest-derived pigment cell—the melanocyte—zebrafish and other ectothermic vertebrates exhibit several classes of pigment cells, collectively referred to as chromatophores [1],[3],[18],[19].

What is the function of the zebrafish shocked Gene?

The zebrafish shocked gene encodes a glycine transporter and is essential for the function of early neural circuits in the CNS. J Neurosci. 2005;25:6610–6620.

What is the zebrafish pigment pattern?

Relatively little is known about the generation of adult form. One complex adult trait that is particularly amenable to genetic and experimental analysis is the zebrafish pigment pattern, which undergoes extensive remodeling during post-embryonic development to form adult stripes.

Why do zebrafish have stripes?

One complex adult trait that is particularly amenable to genetic and experimental analysis is the zebrafish pigment pattern, which undergoes extensive remodeling during post-embryonic development to form adult stripes.

Which zebrafish genes are expressed in the basal hypothalamus?

Here, we compare expression domains of zebrafish genes, including arxa, Shha, otpa, isl1, lhx5, nkx2.1, nkx2.2a, pax6, and dlx5a, the orthologs of which delimit specific subregions within the murine basal hypothalamus.

Why use zebrafish embryos?

Because zebrafish embryos are transparent, they are ideal for real time in vivo studies. This is a gold star in research because your laboratory results far more closely mirror what happens naturally, or in a less controlled environment (like “out in the world”), than in in vitro studies.

How do zebrafish change their genes?

Zebrafish embryos are able to absorb chemicals that have been added to their water, meaning it is easy to introduce changes to their genes using nothing more than chemical mutagens.

Can zebrafish be used as a model for in vivo stem cell analysis?

Transparent adult zebrafish as a tool for in vivo transplantation analysis The zebrafish is a useful model for understanding normal and cancer stem cells, but analysis has been limited to embryogenesis due to the opacity of the adult fish.

What is the function of chromatophores?

Chromatophores are pigment-bearing cells of lower vertebrates, including fish that cater for the ability of individual animals to shift body coloration and pattern. Color change provides dynamic camouflage and various kinds of communication.

Can skin samples from fish be used for chromatophores?

Preparations of excised skin from fish, such as scales, split fin, and stripped skin pieces from scaleless fish, have been conveniently employed as materials for cell biological studies of chromatophores. When equilibrated in physiological solution, chromatosomes in melanophores, xanthophores, and erythrophores are commonly seen to be dispersed.

How do chromatophores get their color?

Chromatophores produce either structural or pigmentary coloration (Malek, 2008). Structural coloration is generated by the selective reflection of light of specific wavelengths. In fishes, this generally produces metallic hues, often with iridescence.

What are the chromatophores in amphibian skin?

Arrangement of chromatophores in amphibian skin, called the dermal chromatophore unit. The unit consists of xanthophores, which give yellow, orange, or red coloration, the iridophores, which reflect light and cause bright colors, and the basal melanophores, which have dendritic processes that extend between the xanthophores and the iridophores.